Michigan Model of Leadership

WHAT IS THE MICHIGAN MODEL OF LEADERSHIP?

At Sanger, our philosophy towards leader development is based on a few core assumptions:

OVERVIEW

Leadership, like reading or math, is a set of skills and behaviors anyone can learn.

Developing as a leader is a lifelong growth journey. You grow fastest with clear goals, a willingness to experiment (and fail), and regular feedback.

Leader development works best when it combines evidence-based tools, hands-on practice, and personalized learning.

We take pride in our evidence-based programs, which draw on Ross’s past and present research, alongside cutting-edge simulations and hands-on activities. Our leadership curriculum is anchored by the Michigan Model of Leadership (MMoL), a leadership framework for understanding which leadership skills learners have already polished and which skills need improvement.

Using the Michigan Model of Leadership

Michigan Model of Leadership Assessments

Assessments

Self-Assessment

The MMoL Self-Assessment provides a brief evaluation of your leadership skills and is meant to give you a preliminary understanding of your leadership skills across the model. The MMoL assessment takes approximately 10 minutes to complete.

Team Dynamics (Peer) Assessment (Ross Graduate Students)

The Team Dynamics Assessment provides a targeted evaluation of your leadership skills based on feedback from your project teammates in Ross coursework. Administered mid- and end-of-semester, it delivers actionable peer insights to help you reflect on and strengthen how you lead within a team.

360 Assessment (Ross Graduate Students)

The MMoL 360 Assessment provides a thorough evaluation of your leadership skills by gathering feedback from peers, supervisors, and colleagues. While the MMoL Self-Assessment provides a baseline, the 360 delivers a complete picture by collecting multiple perspectives from the people you work with every day.

Growth Hub

Michigan Model of Leadership Growth Hub

Turn assessment insights into real-world action with the MMoL Growth Hub. Grounded in research by Michigan Ross Professor Sue Ashford and leveraging the Growth Cycle, the Hub accelerates your development using low-risk, everyday behavioral experiments called micro-moves. Explore customized leader behaviors backed by top academic journals, set focused goals, and reflect on feedback to generate your own personalized growth plan.

Resources

Resources

MMoL Teaching Resources

Bring the Michigan Model of Leadership to your team or organization with our complete facilitation suite. Access presentation slides, teaching agendas, self-assessment guides, learner worksheets, videos, and interactive tools.

Leader Behavior Encyclopedia

Explore evidence-based leader behaviors curated from top scholarly journals to power your leadership goals. Grounded in academic research, this resource connects high-level insights with practical, everyday development.

Collaboration Tools

Discover research-backed frameworks designed to clarify roles, streamline decision-making, and accelerate execution. Grounded in Sanger research, these practical tools help your team eliminate friction and collaborate more effectively.

History of the Michigan Model Of Leadership

HISTORY

The Michigan Model of Leadership is based on a half-century of empirical research and real-world practice. It simplifies enormous complexity by building on the Competing Values Framework (CVF), which was developed by Robert Quinn, Kim Cameron, and other Michigan faculty, and has been widely adopted by thousands of businesses and leaders around the world. The CVF is now the foundation for consulting practices, executive education courses, and numerous leadership development programs. In 2003, the Financial Times recognized it as one of the 40 most important management frameworks in history.

The MMoL, based on its roots in the CVF, acknowledges a fundamental paradox of leadership that is tied to two key tensions found in all organizations—how to balance people (yellow) and performance (blue), and how to balance structure (red) and innovation (green). Navigating these fundamental tensions and achieving the appropriate balance to optimize team and organization achievement is the goal of leadership.

The Michigan Model operates on three levels of analysis:

  • Leading yourself and others
  • Leading teams
  • Leading organizations

The CVF has been successfully applied at companies and organizations like the Bank of America, General Motors, Pfizer, US National Intelligence Agencies, and more.

For a deeper dive, see the following publications:

FAQs

Frequently Asked Questions

How can I use the MMoL?

You can start by taking the MMoL self-assessment to gain a preliminary understanding of your leadership skills. The model provides various tools and resources for individuals and organizations looking to develop leadership capacities.

Which empirical studies validate the MMoL?

The MMoL is supported by over half a century of empirical research and real-world application. It builds on the Competing Values Framework (CVF), which has been endorsed by numerous studies involving thousands of businesses and leaders globally. Developed by University of Michigan faculty, including Robert Quinn and Kim Cameron, the CVF is recognized as one of the most important management frameworks. For a deeper dive, click here.

Are these the only skills I need to be an effective leader?

The MMoL identifies key skills necessary for effective leadership, addressing fundamental tensions in organizations: balancing people and performance, as well as structure and adaptation. These skills are essential but not exhaustive. Effective leaders continuously develop additional competencies tailored to their specific contexts and challenges. The model emphasizes development across three key levels: leading yourself and others, leading teams, and leading organizations.

Are there resources available to help teach the MMoL?

Yes, a suite of resources is available, including a slideshow with teaching notes, a self-assessment how-to guide, and several companion tools like a leadership roadmap. These resources can be accessed by filling out this form. We also have an MMoL Canvas page that can be granted access upon request.

How can I stay updated on the MMoL?

Follow the Sanger Leadership Center on LinkedIn, Instagram, & YouTube to learn about the model and how to leverage it.

Can I provide feedback on the MMoL?

Absolutely. The Sanger Leadership Center welcomes feedback from stakeholders to improve its programs and opportunities for future leaders. You can share your thoughts through the “Contact Us” section on our webpage.

How would you teach the MMoL to undergraduate students compared to graduate students or executives?

When teaching the Michigan Model of Leadership to undergraduate students, the focus would primarily be on self-leadership skills and some interpersonal/team skills – not on the more organizational leadership type skills. For younger leaders, such as undergraduate students, emphasizing self-leadership skills helps build a strong foundation. The MMoL provides an evidence-based perspective on the types of skills these young leaders need. In contrast, for graduate students and executives, all skills detailed in the model are relevant. The more comprehensive approach for these audiences would encompass self-leadership, team leadership, and organizational leadership skills. This broader focus aligns with their advanced experience and professional responsibilities.

How do I access the 360 assessment (outside Ross)?

At this time, the comprehensive 360 assessment is only available for Ross students. However, departments outside Ross may still use self-assessed mini quiz as a guide to run their own 360s, or just leverage this free self-assessment. The Sanger Leadership Center is actively exploring other 360 assessment platforms and will be releasing more information about them in the coming months.

What advice do you have for teaching the MMoL or debriefing an assessment on it?

Please see our suite of resources, including a slideshow with teaching notes, a self-assessment how-to guide, and several companion tools like a leadership roadmap, by filling out this form. We also have a MMoL Canvas page that can be granted access upon request.

In general, it’s important to remember that the goal of the MMOL is to help learners can self-awareness of the skills they’ve cultivated and to have learners have a growth mindset to engage in experimentation to build skills in quadrants where they have needs to expand their tool kit. The best leaders have the ability to access skills across all four color quadrants, and are constantly looking to collect and practice new skills throughout their lifelong leadership journeys.

CONTACT US

SHARE YOUR THOUGHTS

As a center, we are also on our own leadership journey. We are always eager for feedback from our stakeholders to help us continue to improve ourselves and our opportunities for future generations of leaders at Michigan.