Michigan Model of Leadership
WHAT IS THE MICHIGAN MODEL OF LEADERSHIP?
At Sanger, our philosophy towards leader development is based on a few core assumptions:
OVERVIEW
Leadership is like reading or math—it comprises skills and behaviors that anyone can learn
Developing as a leader is a lifelong growth journey, where you make the most progress with a growth orientation, clear goals, intentional experiments (and acceptance of failures), and lots of feedback
Leader development is most effective when it integrates evidence-based tools, action-based leadership, and personalized learning
As such, we take pride in our evidence-based learning programs that draw on both historical and current research strengths at Ross, as well as the most cutting-edge simulations and activities within the space of action-based learning. Our leadership curriculum is anchored by the Michigan Model of Leadership (MMoL), a leadership framework that provides a lens to understand which leadership skills learners have already polished and which skills need improvement.
Using the Michigan Model of Leadership
THE MMOL

The self-assessment below is meant to give you a preliminary understanding of your leadership skills across the Michigan Model of Leadership.
History of the Michigan Model OF LEADERSHIP
HISTORY
The Michigan Model of Leadership is based on a half-century of empirical research and real-world practice. It simplifies enormous complexity by building on the Competing Values Framework (CVF), which was developed by Robert Quinn, Kim Cameron, and other Michigan faculty, and has been widely adopted by thousands of businesses and leaders around the world. The CVF is now the foundation for consulting practices, executive education courses, and numerous leadership development programs. In 2003, the Financial Times recognized it as one of the 40 most important management frameworks in history.
The MMoL, based on its roots in the CVF, acknowledges a fundamental paradox of leadership that is tied to two key tensions found in all organizations—how to balance people (yellow) and performance (blue), and how to balance structure (red) and adaptation (green). Navigating these fundamental tensions and achieving the appropriate balance to optimize team and organization achievement is the goal of leadership.
The Michigan Model operates on three levels of analysis:
- Leading yourself and others
- Leading teams
- Leading organizations
The CVF has been successfully applied at companies and organizations like the Bank of America, General Motors, Pfizer, US National Intelligence Agencies, and more.
For a deeper dive, see the following publications:
- Diagnosing and Changing Organizational Culture: Based on the Competing Values Framework
- Developing Adaptive Leaders for Turbulent Times: The Michigan Model of Leadership
- The Psychometric of the Competing Values Culture Instrument and an Analysis of the Impact of Organizational Culture on Quality of Life
RESOURCES
Access Teaching Resources
Would you like to bring the Michigan Model to your team or a group? We have crafted a suite of resources that you may use to present the model to a group, including a slideshow with teaching notes, a self-assessment how-to-guide, and several companion tools such as a leadership roadmap. Fill out the form below to receive access.
FAQs
Frequently Asked Questions
How can I use the MMoL?
You can start by taking the MMoL self-assessment to gain a preliminary understanding of your leadership skills. The model provides various tools and resources for individuals and organizations looking to develop leadership capacities.
Which empirical studies validate the MMoL?
The MMoL is supported by over half a century of empirical research and real-world application. It builds on the Competing Values Framework (CVF), which has been endorsed by numerous studies involving thousands of businesses and leaders globally. Developed by University of Michigan faculty, including Robert Quinn and Kim Cameron, the CVF is recognized as one of the most important management frameworks. For a deeper dive, click here.
Are these the only skills I need to be an effective leader?
The MMoL identifies key skills necessary for effective leadership, addressing fundamental tensions in organizations: balancing people and performance, as well as structure and adaptation. These skills are essential but not exhaustive. Effective leaders continuously develop additional competencies tailored to their specific contexts and challenges. The model emphasizes development across three key levels: leading yourself and others, leading teams, and leading organizations.
Are there resources available to help teach the MMoL?
Yes, a suite of resources is available, including a slideshow with teaching notes, a self-assessment how-to guide, and several companion tools like a leadership roadmap. These resources can be accessed by filling out this form. We also have an MMoL Canvas page that can be granted access upon request
How can I stay updated on the MMoL?
Can I provide feedback on the MMoL?
Absolutely. The Sanger Leadership Center welcomes feedback from stakeholders to improve its programs and opportunities for future leaders. You can share your thoughts through the “Contact Us” section on our webpage.
How would you teach the MMoL to undergraduate students compared to graduate students or executives?
When teaching the Michigan Model of Leadership to undergraduate students, the focus would primarily be on self-leadership skills and some interpersonal/team skills – not on the more organizational leadership type skills. For younger leaders, such as undergraduate students, emphasizing self-leadership skills helps build a strong foundation. The MMoL provides an evidence-based perspective on the types of skills these young leaders need. In contrast, for graduate students and executives, all skills detailed in the model are relevant. The more comprehensive approach for these audiences would encompass self-leadership, team leadership, and organizational leadership skills. This broader focus aligns with their advanced experience and professional responsibilities.
How do I access the 360 assessment (outside Ross)?
At this time, the comprehensive 360 assessment is only available for Ross students. However, departments outside Ross may still use self-assessed mini quiz as a guide to run their own 360s, or just leverage this free self-assessment. The Sanger Leadership Center is actively exploring other 360 assessment platforms and will be releasing more information about them in the coming months.
What advice do you have for teaching the MMoL or debriefing an assessment on it?
Please see our suite of resources, including a slideshow with teaching notes, a self-assessment how-to guide, and several companion tools like a leadership roadmap, by filling out this form. We also have a MMoL Canvas page that can be granted access upon request.
In general, it’s important to remember that the goal of the MMOL is to help learners can self-awareness of the skills they’ve cultivated and to have learners have a growth mindset to engage in experimentation to build skills in quadrants where they have needs to expand their tool kit. The best leaders have the ability to access skills across all four color quadrants, and are constantly looking to collect and practice new skills throughout their lifelong leadership journeys.
STORIES
Stories
From Classroom to Career: Ross MBA’s Apply the Michigan Model of Leadership
At the Sanger Leadership Center, our leadership curriculum is anchored by the Michigan Model of Leadership (MMoL), a framework designed to help learners identify their leadership strengths and development areas. While the model is integrated into all Sanger programs,...
Applying the Michigan Model of Leadership: A Conversation with Jeff Domagala and Bizzy Webb
Leadership growth starts with self-awareness. The Michigan Model of Leadership (MMoL) offers a practical way to understand your strengths—and where you have room to grow. This research-backed framework allows individuals to assess their current leadership abilities...
Advice for Business Leaders in 2025: Insights from Dr. Lindy Greer
In today’s dynamic business environment, leaders face unprecedented challenges and opportunities. Dr. Lindy Greer, faculty director of the Sanger Leadership Center and Michigan Ross professor, offers timely insights in a recent article, Advice for Business Leaders in...
CONTACT US
SHARE YOUR THOUGHTS
As a center, we are also on our own leadership journey. We are always eager for feedback from our stakeholders to help us continue to improve ourselves and our opportunities for future generations of leaders at Michigan.
